What causes acute interstitial nephritis?
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is frequently the result of an allergic reaction. Most cases of AIN are from bad reactions to drugs. More than 100 different medications may trigger AIN.
What is the pathophysiology of Aki?
The pathophysiology of AKI involves a complex interplay among vascular, tubular, and inflammatory factors followed by a repair process that can either restore epithelial differentiation and function to normal or result in fibrotic chronic kidney disease.
What is the meaning of acute interstitial nephritis?
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a renal lesion that typically causes a decline in kidney function and is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate in the kidney interstitium [1]. It is most often induced by drug therapy.
What infections cause interstitial nephritis?
Infections with viral agents, bacteria, and fungi are occasionally associated with acute interstitial nephritis. Hantavirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common among the infectious agents associated with acute interstitial nephritis.
Where does acute interstitial nephritis occur?
Interstitial nephritis is a kidney disorder. The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the body. When you have interstitial nephritis, the spaces between tubules (small tubes) inside the kidney become inflamed.
How does hypoperfusion cause acute kidney injury?
Prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) , (which used to be called acute renal failure), occurs when a sudden reduction in blood flow to the kidney (renal hypoperfusion) causes a loss of kidney function. In prerenal acute kidney injury, there is nothing wrong with the kidney itself.
Which pathology may result in acute kidney injury AKI from a Prerenal etiology?
The prerenal form of AKI is because of any cause of reduced blood flow to the kidney. This may be part of systemic hypoperfusion resulting from hypovolemia or hypotension, or maybe due to selective hypoperfusion to the kidneys, such as those resulting from renal artery stenosis and aortic dissection.
What are the symptoms of interstitial nephritis?
Symptoms of interstitial nephritis
- Increased urine output.
- Blood in your urine or dark urine.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Fever or rash.
- Elevated blood pressure.
- Changes in mental status, such as drowsiness or confusion.
- Swelling of any area of your body.
- Sudden weight gain. This can be caused by extra fluid in the body.
Which antibiotics cause acute interstitial nephritis?
Acute interstitial nephritis is an immune process that is most commonly caused by penicillins, diuretics, allopurinol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cimetidine, and sulfonamides.
Which of the following drugs is a common cause of interstitial nephritis?
The medications that are known to cause this sort of reaction are β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalexin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin less frequently than others), as well as proton-pump inhibitors, rifampicin, sulfa medications, fluoroquinolones, diuretics, allopurinol, mesalamine …
What is uremia and azotemia?
Azotemia and uremia are two different types of kidney conditions. Azotemia is when there’s nitrogen in your blood. Uremia occurs when there’s urea in your blood. However, they’re both related to kidney disease or injury.
What causes chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis?
Oxalate nephropathy
What is intestinal nephritis?
Interstitial nephritis. Interstitial nephritis happens when a part of your kidneys’ filters called the tubules become swollen. It can be acute, and only happen for a short time, or chronic, and last for several weeks or months. Acute interstitial nephritis is usually caused by an allergic reaction to certain medicines.
What is interstitial renal disease?
Interstitial nephritis, also known as tubulointerstitial nephritis, is inflammation of the area of the kidney known as the renal interstitium, which consists of a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid surrounding the renal tubules. In addition to providing a scaffolding support for the tubular architecture, the interstitium has been shown to participate in the fluid and electrolyte exchange as well as endocrine functions of the kidney.
What is interstitial kidney disease?
CKDu is a tubulointerstitial disease with varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis, interstitial inflammation, and tubular atrophy 3,5. Both types move inevitably toward kidney failure and death unless there is intervention through hemodialysis or a kidney